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UNESCO warns of serious decline in freedom of expression and safety of journalists worldwide.

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The UNESCO’s World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Report 2022-2025 reveals a 10% decline in freedom of expression worldwide since 2012 – a level not seen in decades. The report also sounds the alarm that in the same period self-censorship increased significantly among journalists, rising 63%, at a rate of about 5% per year. Attacks against journalists are on the rise During the reporting period (2022-2025), 186 journalists were killed while covering wars and conflict zones – a 67% increase compared to the previous period covered by the report (2018-2021). In 2025 alone, 93 journalists have been killed, of these 60 were killed in conflict zones. Despite international commitments to end impunity for killing journalists, accountability is rare. While there has been modest progress - with impunity rates dropping from 95% in 2012 to 85% in 2024 - most perpetrators still go unpunished. Today, journalists face a wide and growing range of attacks - physical, digital, ...
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Organized crime in the social media age.

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Following the 2024 edition of its annual report on cybercrime phenomena, the Magna Grecia Foundation returns to address an issue of growing urgency within the analysis of organized crime: the relationship between criminal networks and the digital sphere . The analysis presented by the Magna Grecia Foundation constitutes a valuable tool not only for understanding the cultural logics underpinning these practices but also for fostering a more conscious public debate . This conference aims to serve as an interdisciplinary forum, a platform for dialogue among scholars, institutions, and law enforcement . This second conference—and the accompanying new research—seek to reaffirm a clear message: organized crime is already embedded in the digital sphere. Ignoring or underestimating this reality means conceding further ground. Understanding the languages, aesthetics, and dynamics of this online criminal cultural ecosystem is not an academic exercise but a strategic necessity. It is time to ...
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Today, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in our daily lives.

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Media were among the first to incorporate AI algorithms into their workflows since they were consistently seeking ways to enhance the quality, quantity, and speed of their publications. This insight offers an overview of the opportunities, challenges, and risks that twenty-first-century journalists encounter when utilizing AI in their profession. It discusses various aspects of the media landscape, including traditional satellite broadcasting and alternative media, while exploring different genres of journalism, ranging from investigative to socio-political. The research draws on materials from Arab, European, and Russian scholars, as well as the author’s personal experiences working for an international television channel. The insight also offers recommendations for enhancing the application of AI in journalism , which can be implemented by companies involved in AI development. This study may prove beneficial for journalism students, seasoned journalists, and anyone interested in g...
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AI's impact on information gathering, processing, and dissemination is profound.

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This year's World Press Freedom Day aims to explore AI's impact on press freedom and the right to freedom of expression , as well as addressing the continued relevance of Information as a Public Good as in the Windhoek+30 Declaration of 2021 ,which has been endorsed with unanimity by UNESCO General Conference. The media landscape has changed significantly since the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed World Press Freedom Day in 1993. The unprecedented use and development of Artificial Intelligence systems are playing a transformative role in journalism and the media, and on press freedom.While the principles of free, independent, and pluralistic media remain crucial, AI's impact on information gathering, processing, and dissemination is profound, presenting both innovative opportunities and profound challenges. AI offers the potential to enhance freedom of expression by democratizing access to information, empowering global communication, and changing the realit...
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The technology opportunities and challenges for journalists and media.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the fundamental right to seek, impart and receive information , as well as the journalistic profession . It enhances access to information and processing of it , enabling journalists to handle and process vast amounts of data efficiently and create content more effectively. AI tools can improve fact-checking, data visualization, local and multi-platform adaptation of news content and its translation, streamlining the journalistic process and making information more engaging and accessible. AI also presents risks . It can be used to reproduce misinformation , spread disinformation , amplify online hate speech, and enable ne w forms of censorship . Some actors use AI for mass surveillance of journalists and citizens , creating a chilling effect on freedom of expression. Private platforms increasingly use AI to filter, moderate, and curate content, becoming gatekeepers of information.There's a growing concern that AI might contribute to...
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AI’s impact on the safety of women journalists.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents both opportunities and challenges for women journalists. AI can support victims of gender-based violence by streamlining reporting tools and enhancing fairness in digital spaces. These advancements could reduce barriers to reporting abuse and enable faster responses. AI also amplifies existing risks for women journalists in the digital landscape . The UN Commission on the Status of Women has identified technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV) as a critical global issue, particularly affecting women in public-facing roles like journalism. AI systems can generate deep-fakes, doctored images, and mis/disinformation campaigns aimed at discrediting or intimidating women journalists. These AI-driven attacks jeopardize their safety but also have a chilling effect on their work, potentially limiting public access to information .
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Media Viability in Question.

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AI offers media outlets tools to increase efficiency through task automation, helping newsrooms meet growing demands and remain competitive. However, the financial sustainability of media is becoming more fragile as generative AI platforms repurpose journalistic content without proper compensation, diverting revenue from independent outlets to digital platforms and to AI actors. Among the issues being discussed is fair remuneration for content used by AI systems , with copyright enforcement mechanisms and fair revenue-sharing models. Media outlets are facing how to balance AI use with maintaining good practices and audience trust and engagement . Many have issued codes of conduct stressing respect for audience data, content authenticity, AI use disclosure, transparency, and information integrity.
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